حقایق تلخ و شیرین از دریچه دوربین خبرنگاران

روز 6 اوت سال 2014 آندره استنین، عکاس خبری خبرگزاری «روسیا سگودنیا» هنگام اجرای وظایف حرفه ای خود در شرق اوکراین کشته شد.
خبرگزاری بین المللی «روسیا سگودنیا» با نظارت کمیسیون امور یونسکو در روسیه در همان سال برای گرامی داشت و یادبود آندری استنین، مسابقه بین المللی عکاسان خبری به نام این عکاس محترم را تاسیس نمود.
هر سال در تاریخ 6 اوت — روز شهادت آندری استنین — در مرکز بین المللی خبری چند رسانه ای خبرگزاری بین المللی «روسیا سگودنیا» اسام برندگان مسابقه بین المللی عکاسان خبری آندری استنین اعلام می شوندو
امسال درآستانه این تاریخ مهم خبرگزاری «اسپوتنیک» با آقای صادق سوری، عکاس محترم ایرانی و برنده مسابقه سال 2017 در بخش «پرتره قهرمانان زمان ما» در مورد اهمیت عکاسی خبری به گفت و گو پرداخته است.

صادق سوری، عکاس ایرانی و برنده مسابقه بین المللی عکاسی خبری استنین سال 2017 در بخش «پرتره قهرمانان زمان ما»

© Photo / SADEGH SOURI

اسپوتنیک: چطور به کار عکاسی خبری رو آوردید؟
— در سن 16 ـ 17 سالگی کتاب جیمز نچوی را دیدم و خواندم و علاقمند به عکاسی شدم. ابتدا عکاسی من مستند اجتماعی و عکاسی طبیعیت بود و بعد به عکاسی خبری (فوتو ژورنالیسم) رو آوردم. مجموعه های متفاوتی از اشخاص و نقاط ایران دارم اما اکثر تصاویری که گرفتم در سیستان و بلوچیستان عکاسی شده بود. من در همان استان بزرگ شدم و علاقه خاصی به این منطقه دارم. تا به حال شش نمایشگاه انفرادی در ایران داشته ام.

اسپوتنیک: سوژه های عکاسی شما چیست؟
— بیشتر روی سوژه هایی کار می کنم که در زندگی من تاثیر داشته اند مثل مجموعه عکس قربانیان قاچاق سوخت که توانست در جشنواره عکاسی خبری آندری استنین در روسیه برنده شود. در این مجموعه سخن بر سر آدمهایی در استان سیستان و بلوچستان ایران است. در این مجموعه عکس از افرادی تصویر گرفته شده که قربانی یک حادثه شدند. آنها پس از خشک شدن بستر دریاچه هامون در این استان همجوار مرز پاکستان که بر اثر آن تعداد زیادی از مردم که به ماهیگیری و کشاورزی اشتغال داشتند، بیکار شدند براینکه بتوانند یک لقمه نان را به دست بیاورند و برای امرار معاش و تامین مخارج زندگی خود به کار پر خطر اما سودآور قاچاق سوخت پرداختند. شما در این مجموعه عکس به راحتی می توانید ببینید که این مردم چه رنجی کشیدند و چه اتفاقی برای آنها افتاده بود. این اشخاص سوخت را که قیمت آن در ایران نسبتاً ارزان است، به صورت قاچاق به پاکستان ارسال می کردند که قیمت سوخت در آنجا بسیار گرانتر است و از این طریق در آمد زیادی به دست می آوردند. قاعدتا وقتی که کسی یک کار خلاف را انجام می دهد، ممکن است که سری از مشکلات و موانع سر راهش وجود داشته باشد.

قاچاق سوخت

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

اسپوتنیک: عکس های خود از قربانیان قاچاق سوخت چگونه گرفتید؟
ـ- من طی چند سال بر روی تهیه این سوژه کار کردم. از ابتدا مجموعه عکس از خود قاچاقچیان سوخت آماده کردم و سپس به موضوع قربانیان این ماجرا پرداختم. برای تهیه این عکس ها طی سک سال به حدود 300 روستا در نزدیکی مرز پاکستان سفر کرده و با مشکلات زیاد قربانیان قاچاق سوخت را برای عکس گرفتن از آنها راضی کردیم. خیلی ها به من اجازه عکاسی نمی دادند چون می ترسیدند اطلاعاتی که ما به دست می آوریم، برای آنها دردسرساز باشد. در نهایت، 22 نفر موافقت کردند. آن مجموعه عکسی که در جشنواره روسیه برنده شد، از 9 عکس تشکیل شده است.

1/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Ahmad used to be a fisher and earned a living on Lake Hamoon. After the lake dried up, Ahmad decided to carry diesel to the eastern borders on his donkey. The police stopped him and confiscated his load. On the way back, the police shot him in the leg, and his donkey was shot to death. People took Ahmad to the hospital. The bullet had destroyed his leg bone and the doctors amputated his leg.

2/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Eesa, 29. Eesa was the help in a fuel vehicle. They were going to the border with 2500 litres of diesel when the police fired at them. Their vehicle was shot by a few bullets. The driver lost control of the car and the car capsized outside the road. Eesa was shot and lost his leg.

3/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Naser, 26. Naser and his father started smuggling fuel to earn a living. On the first night of their work, they went to the fuel depot with 50 empty barrels. The police fired at them. Naser was hit by the bullet in his spinal column and was seriously wounded. Naser and his father sued the police and after two years, they succeeded in getting 30 million for compensation. But Naser is confined to the house and cannot work.

4/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Mohammad, 31. Mohammad lives in a border village. He was grazing the sheep on Lake Hamoon bed 8 years ago. When the police fired at the escaping fuel smugglers in the place Mohammad was grazing his sheep, he was accidentally shot in the left eye, and the bullet exited through his right eye. He lost both eyes in the surgery. The officer who fired at Mohammad was never identified. He has two daughters and one son, and earns a living in a small shop in the village.

5/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Hajar, 22. Hajar’s father kept diesel in his house, and their house was the diesel depot where the smugglers loaded. Hajar was playing near the diesel barrels when they caught fire. She was burnt severely. Hajar has had a few surgeries, but her father cannot cover the hospital expenses any more. The father lost everything in the fire. Hajar and her father have become seriously depressed after the fire, and they seldom heave home.

6/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Ahmad, 34. Ahmad was taking 1500 litres of diesel to the border. The police ordered him to stop at a checkpoint, but he drove away. After a few kilometres’ pursuit, the officers threw caltrops under his car. The tyre burst, the car capsized, Ahmad was throw out and injured his arm seriously. He was taken to the hospital and the doctors had to amputate his arm. He takes fares now, with only one arm.

7/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Dadmohammad, 45. Dadmohammad lives in a border village in Iran. He used to be a farmer. After the droughts in Sistan, he could not go on farming. He says they didn’t have even bread to eat. He and other villagers decided to smuggle fuel with their donkeys 8 years ago. They took 4 cans to Iran Afghanistan border every day and earned a living. One day the police fired at them and he lost his leg.

8/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Lal Khan took 2000 litres of diesel to the Pakistan border. On his way back, there was a shooting. He was shot and taken to the hospital after bleeding severely for half an hour on the road. His spinal cord was damaged. Lal Khan does not know who shot him. He is now paralysed in two legs.

9/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Behrooz, 26. To cover the expenses of his sister’s wedding, Behrooz and his brother decided to smuggle fuel. They took 2000 litres of diesel to the border. On the way and around Lake Hamoon, they encountered the police. The police fired, Behrooz was hit in the leg, and he was taken to the hospital. The bullet had destroyed his pelvis and he had not been well yet after a few surgeries.

10/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Aslan in 12. He carries smuggled fuel in a mandi in Pakistan.

11/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

The fuel vehicles return to Iran at night on the hard mountain roads.

12/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

During 2013 to 2016, about 10,000 donkeys were used to smuggle fuel on Iran Pakistan border.

13/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

More than 3000 vehicles are smuggling fuel in Sistan and Baluchistan Province. They gather on border point zero which is the last point the cars can go. They unload their cargo there, and other people carry the fuel on donkeys on the mountains to Pakistan.

14/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Smugglers enter diesel depots or Mandi at sunset. The depots are built where smugglers live and it increases the risk of fire in the houses and the injury of women and children. After filling the fuel cans, the smugglers set out to Pakistan border. Every vehicle carries almost 2000 litres of fuel.

15/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

During 2013 to 2016, about 10,000 donkeys were used to smuggle fuel on Iran Pakistan border. about 3000 donkeys have died on Iran Pakistan border because of hard work, the mountainous path, and the heavy load.

16/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

When drivers reach border zero point, they deliver the fuel to the owner of the depot or Mandi owner, rest a while, and then return home. Hossein is a big Mandi in Pakistan owner on the border. More than 200 vehicles with 2000 litres of diesel unload in Hossein’s Mandi and get the money for their fuel.

17/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Maryam has lost her husband and two sons in the fuel smuggling. Her husband was carrying more than 1800 litres of diesel to Pakistan border when the police shot him to death on point zero. Because of lacking a job, his sons Ahmad and Ali were smuggling fuel too. Three years after their father’s death, they were carrying 2000 litres of diesel each to the border. On the way, the police shoot Ahmad’s car and his car turns over. To save his brother, Ali went to Ahmad’s car when the car exploded. Ahmad died and Ali was taken to hospital with severe burns. He died 2 days later in the hospital. Mojib and Mobin, children of Ali and Ahmad are living with their grandmother now.

18/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

A diesel smuggling vehicle that has caught fire by the shooting of the police force. The driver lost his life in the incident.

1/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Ahmad used to be a fisher and earned a living on Lake Hamoon. After the lake dried up, Ahmad decided to carry diesel to the eastern borders on his donkey. The police stopped him and confiscated his load. On the way back, the police shot him in the leg, and his donkey was shot to death. People took Ahmad to the hospital. The bullet had destroyed his leg bone and the doctors amputated his leg.

2/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Eesa, 29. Eesa was the help in a fuel vehicle. They were going to the border with 2500 litres of diesel when the police fired at them. Their vehicle was shot by a few bullets. The driver lost control of the car and the car capsized outside the road. Eesa was shot and lost his leg.

3/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Naser, 26. Naser and his father started smuggling fuel to earn a living. On the first night of their work, they went to the fuel depot with 50 empty barrels. The police fired at them. Naser was hit by the bullet in his spinal column and was seriously wounded. Naser and his father sued the police and after two years, they succeeded in getting 30 million for compensation. But Naser is confined to the house and cannot work.

4/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Mohammad, 31. Mohammad lives in a border village. He was grazing the sheep on Lake Hamoon bed 8 years ago. When the police fired at the escaping fuel smugglers in the place Mohammad was grazing his sheep, he was accidentally shot in the left eye, and the bullet exited through his right eye. He lost both eyes in the surgery. The officer who fired at Mohammad was never identified. He has two daughters and one son, and earns a living in a small shop in the village.

5/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Hajar, 22. Hajar’s father kept diesel in his house, and their house was the diesel depot where the smugglers loaded. Hajar was playing near the diesel barrels when they caught fire. She was burnt severely. Hajar has had a few surgeries, but her father cannot cover the hospital expenses any more. The father lost everything in the fire. Hajar and her father have become seriously depressed after the fire, and they seldom heave home.

6/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Ahmad, 34. Ahmad was taking 1500 litres of diesel to the border. The police ordered him to stop at a checkpoint, but he drove away. After a few kilometres’ pursuit, the officers threw caltrops under his car. The tyre burst, the car capsized, Ahmad was throw out and injured his arm seriously. He was taken to the hospital and the doctors had to amputate his arm. He takes fares now, with only one arm.

7/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Dadmohammad, 45. Dadmohammad lives in a border village in Iran. He used to be a farmer. After the droughts in Sistan, he could not go on farming. He says they didn’t have even bread to eat. He and other villagers decided to smuggle fuel with their donkeys 8 years ago. They took 4 cans to Iran Afghanistan border every day and earned a living. One day the police fired at them and he lost his leg.

8/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Lal Khan took 2000 litres of diesel to the Pakistan border. On his way back, there was a shooting. He was shot and taken to the hospital after bleeding severely for half an hour on the road. His spinal cord was damaged. Lal Khan does not know who shot him. He is now paralysed in two legs.

9/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Behrooz, 26. To cover the expenses of his sister’s wedding, Behrooz and his brother decided to smuggle fuel. They took 2000 litres of diesel to the border. On the way and around Lake Hamoon, they encountered the police. The police fired, Behrooz was hit in the leg, and he was taken to the hospital. The bullet had destroyed his pelvis and he had not been well yet after a few surgeries.

10/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Aslan in 12. He carries smuggled fuel in a mandi in Pakistan.

11/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

The fuel vehicles return to Iran at night on the hard mountain roads.

12/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

During 2013 to 2016, about 10,000 donkeys were used to smuggle fuel on Iran Pakistan border.

13/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

More than 3000 vehicles are smuggling fuel in Sistan and Baluchistan Province. They gather on border point zero which is the last point the cars can go. They unload their cargo there, and other people carry the fuel on donkeys on the mountains to Pakistan.

14/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Smugglers enter diesel depots or Mandi at sunset. The depots are built where smugglers live and it increases the risk of fire in the houses and the injury of women and children. After filling the fuel cans, the smugglers set out to Pakistan border. Every vehicle carries almost 2000 litres of fuel.

15/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

During 2013 to 2016, about 10,000 donkeys were used to smuggle fuel on Iran Pakistan border. about 3000 donkeys have died on Iran Pakistan border because of hard work, the mountainous path, and the heavy load.

16/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

When drivers reach border zero point, they deliver the fuel to the owner of the depot or Mandi owner, rest a while, and then return home. Hossein is a big Mandi in Pakistan owner on the border. More than 200 vehicles with 2000 litres of diesel unload in Hossein’s Mandi and get the money for their fuel.

17/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

Maryam has lost her husband and two sons in the fuel smuggling. Her husband was carrying more than 1800 litres of diesel to Pakistan border when the police shot him to death on point zero. Because of lacking a job, his sons Ahmad and Ali were smuggling fuel too. Three years after their father’s death, they were carrying 2000 litres of diesel each to the border. On the way, the police shoot Ahmad’s car and his car turns over. To save his brother, Ali went to Ahmad’s car when the car exploded. Ahmad died and Ali was taken to hospital with severe burns. He died 2 days later in the hospital. Mojib and Mobin, children of Ali and Ahmad are living with their grandmother now.

18/18

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

A diesel smuggling vehicle that has caught fire by the shooting of the police force. The driver lost his life in the incident.

اسپوتنیک: آیا طی این سالهایی که بر روی تهیه مجموعه عکس «قاچاق سوخت» در آن منطقه کار کردید، با مشکلات یا سختی ها مواجه شدید؟
— از سال 2011 به تهیه مجموعه عکس به عنوان «قچاق» پرداختم. این پروژه در مرحله اول تحقیقاتی و مطالعاتی بود. فقط در سال 2013 به عکاسی از صحنه های واقعی و افراد درگیر این ماجرا پرداختم. این پروژه «قاچاق سوخت» برای من بسیار سخت و زمان بر بود. تقریبا تا سال 2017 طول کشید که مجموعه عکس « قاچاق سوخت» را به پایان برسانم. اتفاقی که داشت این است که ما وارد منطقه ای می شدیم که در آنجا عده ای از افراد مواد سوختی یا نفتی را از ایران خارج می کردند. کار ما در نقطه صفر مرزی بود. این یک منطقه خطرناک است که در آنجا ممکن است برای ما هر اتفاقی بیفتد. افرادی که کار سوخت را انجام می دادند، برای ما مشکل ساز می شدند و گاهی جلوی مارا می گرفتند. گاهی نیروهای امنتی جلوی ما را می گرفتند. من طی 4 سالی که عکاسی از قاچاق سوخت می کردم، سه بار توسط نیروهای امنیتی دستگیر شده بودم چراکه من وارد منطقه ای می شدم که در آنجا همه چیز از نظر امنیتی باید هماهنگ می شد. وقتی که ماموران نیروی امنیتی مجوز های خبرنگاری را می دیدند، ما را آزاد می کردند و با ما کار نداشتند. از سوی دیگر، گاهی با برخورد بد از سوی قاچاقچیان مواجه می شدیم. خیلی ها به ما اجازه نمی دادند که ما اصلا ورود منطقه بشویم. آنها می گفتند که این عکسها یا اطلاعاتی که ما به آن دست آوردیم، به دست نیروهای امنیتی بیفتد و آنها به خاطر کار غیرقانونی خود دستگیر شوند. حتی ما به یک جایی رسیدیم که در آنجا قرار بود ایرانی ها مواد نفتی را به پاکستانی ها تحویل بدهند. این یک انباری با سوجت بود. پاکستانی ها اسلحه کشیدند و گفتند که ما حق عکاسی از این محل نداریم و باید این محل را سریع ترک کنیم.

اسپوتنیک: احساس شما در این کار پر خطر چه بود؟
— بعضی از سوژه ها عکاسان خبری را به قول معروف قلقلک می دهند. خبرنگاران مطبوعاتی مجذوب کار خود می شوند و مهم نیست که این کار پرخطر باشد و چه اتفاقی بیفتد. خبرنگاران عکاسی برای رسیدن به نتیجه خوب و برنده شدن در مسابقات رشته خود خطر را به جان می خرند.

قربانی قاچاق سوخت

© Photo / Sadegh Souri

اسپوتنیک: چطور شد در مسابقه عکاسی خبری آندری استنین در مسکو شرکت کردید؟ این مسابقه برای شما چه امتیازاتی داشت؟
— ما عکاسان دوست داریم عکس هایمان دیده شود. از طریق یکی از دوستانم (مجتبی رحیم خان) از برگزاری این مسباقه در روسیه با خبر شدم و تصمیم گرفتم در بخش پرتره آن شرکت کنم. مجموعه عکس «قربانیان قاچاق سوخت» را به مسکو ارسال کردم که مورد توجه هئیت داوران واقع شد. درباره مسابقه استنین باید گفت این یکی از حرفه ای ترین و مهم ترین مسابقات عکاسی خبری در دنیاست. در این جشنواره، عکاسان موفق و صاحب نام شرکت می کنند. از سوی دیگر، عکاسان بسیار معتبر، صاحبان و سردبیران مجلات بسیار معروف دنیا هئیت داوران این مسابقه را تشکیل دادند. می توان گفت که خود هئیت داوران یکی از امتیازات بود که من در این جشنواره مطبوعاتی شرکت کردم.

اسپوتنیک: آیا انتظار داشتید که در مسابقه استنین برنده شوید؟
— هر عکاسی دوست دارد در هر مسابقه در رشته خود پیروز بشود و یا یکی از برندگان باشد. البته خیلی امیدوار برنده شدن نبودم اما در هرحال با رای مردمی و رای هیئت داوران مجموعه عکس من «قربانیان قاچاق سوخت» برنده شد و از این پیروزی خوشحال هستم. گواهینامه پیروزی در این مسابقه دارای نقش بزرگی در رزومه من به عنوان یک عکاس خبری خواهد بود چون مسابقه استنین مسابقه بسیار مهم و معتبری است.

صادق سوری، عکاس ایرانی و برنده مسابقه بین المللی عکاسی خبری استنین سال 2017 در بخش «پرتره قهرمانان زمان ما»

© Photo / SADEGH SOURI

اسپوتنیک: عکاسی خبری چه اهمیتی دارد؟ چه پیامی برای عکاسان خبری تازه کار دارید؟
— عکاسان خبری دارای تاثیر زیادی در دنیای امروز و بر سیاست هستند مثلا عکس گرفته شده از کودک سوری کشته شده را در نظر بگیرید که چه تاثیری بر روی سیاستمداران اروپایی بود. و به دنبال آن، اتحادیه اروپا مرزهای خود را به روی آوارگان و پناهجویان سوری باز کرد. اگر تاثیر آن عکس نبود ، کشورهای عضو اتحادیه اروپا مرزهای خود را به روی پناهجویان باز نمی کردند. پیام من به عکاسان خبری تازه کار این است که فقط به فکر برنده شدن در مسابقات و دریافت جوایز نباشند بلکه در درجه اول به فکر کمک به همنوعان خود باشند. اگر کار عکاسان خبری در بهبود وضع زندگی مردم کمک نکند، بیفایده و بی تاثیر خواهد بود.